Clear documentation of the communication strategies within medical records ensures that all staff members can respond consistently and appropriately.

For neurodivergent patients, clear language and the avoidance of medical jargon are crucial. Offering written instructions or visual aids can enhance understanding, while a calm environment free of overwhelming sensory triggers provides a more comfortable experience.

For non-speaking patients, it is important to offer alternative communication methods like writing, sign language or technology. Tools such as notepads, tablets and having carers present to interpret where appropriate may be necessary to ensure smooth interactions.

It’s essential to respect individual sensory preferences, allowing neurodivergent patients to use their preferred sensory channels (for example, visual or tactile). Make sure you give people time to process information, as many neurodivergent individuals may need longer to shift between stimuli. Identifying whether they prefer direct or indirect communication and avoiding rapid changes in instructions helps create a more accessible, respectful interaction.

For a practical framework on how to communicate effectively with neurodivergent patients, the Step It Up Approach provides helpful guidance on how to improve your communication with neurodivergent patients.

Developed by Julia Richmond and Vikram Baicher, the acronym can help health care professionals when caring for patients with autism and learning disabilities.

S: Simple and direct questions - ask one question at a time, use simple terms and avoid jargon.
T: Take your time - wait for an answer, allow an extra 10 minutes.
E: Explain to enable compliance - provide a step-by-step explanation of a task and how it benefits the patient.
P: Precise language - avoid metaphors and euphemisms, say exactly what you mean and be descriptive.
I: Include carers - consider the carer’s opinion when making a diagnosis, ask for their help with procedures, ask for a hospital passport.
T: Touch and feel first - allow the patient to hold and touch equipment before you use it on them, warn the patient about sensations.
U: Understand my differences - neurodivergent patients experience and express pain differently.
P: Prepare a low sensory environment - use a quiet, plain room with minimal staff, keep ear defenders nearby, contact the learning disability liaison nurse.

You can read the full explanation and access the original article and image relating to the above model on Don't Forget the Bubbles.

Useful resources

• Julia Richmond, Vikram Baicher (2022). Communicating with neurodivergent patients, Don't Forget the Bubbles
• NHS England. Make it easy! Making information easier to understand for people with a learning disability (PDF)
• NHS Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Trust. A - Z of easy read health resources – Locally and nationally (PDF)
• Pathfinders for Autism. Visual supports for hospital and doctor visits