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Biological basis of child health 13: structure and functions of the skin, and common children’s skin conditions

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skin structure

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This article, the 13th in a series on the biological basis of child health, focuses on the skin. The skin is the largest organ in the body and covers its whole outer surface, protecting it from external threats, assisting in retaining body fluids, eliminating waste products and regulating temperature. The skin also has a crucial role in wound healing and vitamin D synthesis. Skin conditions in children are often distressing for children and parents, and may significantly affect their everyday lives. This article explains how the skin develops in utero, describes the structure and functions of the skin, and explores the aetiology, manifestations and management of skin conditions commonly seen in children.

Who is this resource for?

This resource is aimed at nurses and nursing support workers across all settings and levels of practice, including students of health, social work and care professions.

Why you should read this article

to enhance your knowledge of the structure and main functions of the skin

to understand the aetiology, manifestations and management of skin conditions commonly seen in children

to count towards revalidation as part of your 35 hours of CPD, or you may wish to write a reflective account (UK readers)

to contribute towards your professional development and local registration renewal requirements (non-UK readers).

Authors

Kate Davies

Associate professor of paediatric prescribing and endocrinology - London South Bank University, and honorary research fellow in paediatric endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, England

Catherine Hewitt

Senior lecturer in children’s nursing - London South Bank University, England

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PDF created on: 12 Sept 2025.
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Please check: https://rcnlearn.rcn.org.uk for a more up-to-date version of this content.
Last quality assured: No date available